01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus (the main body of the lichen) of Calicium adspersum is grey and granular in texture. It produces black, pin-like apothecia (fruiting bodies) about 0.6–1 mm tall, typically standing three to five times higher than the width of their stalk. The apothecial head is broadly lens-shaped (about 0.3–0.6 mm across), with a yellowish (a powdery surface coating) on the head and along the margin of the (the rim of the fruiting body). The stalk is slender, about 0.1–0.3 mm in diameter. The lichenized fungus associates with a green-algal in the genus Trebouxia. Under the microscope, the apothecial stalk is surrounded by a thin, colourless sheath that turns faintly blue in iodine (I+). Microscopically, the asci are club- to cylinder-shaped. The ascospores measure about 13–16 × 5.5–6.5 μm and have spiral (helically arranged) ridges on their surface. In standard spot tests, the thallus reacts K+ (yellow turning red) and Pd+ (yellow-red), consistent with the presence of norstictic acid, while the yellow pruina contains vulpinic acid. The species also produces asexual spores (conidia) in pycnidia. Vobis reported the conidia as colourless, single-celled and thin-walled, about 2.0–2.2 × 1.2 μm. In laboratory culture on bark-extract agar, the conidia swelled within about a week and later formed germ tubes. After several weeks to months they developed branched hyphae and small mycelial mats, and colonies derived from groups of conidia were maintained for more than a year. These experiments show that the conidia can germinate and produce mycelium under favourable conditions, and may therefore contribute to dispersal of the fungal partner ().

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Calicium adspersum has an antitropical distribution, and is widespread in temperate areas of both hemispheres. In the United Kingdom, where it is rare, it grows on dry, old oak bark. In Switzerland, it has been recorded on oak in the Swiss Plateau and on conifers at high elevations (upper montane and subalpine zones) in the northern Prealps. In Tasmania, Calicium adspersum subsp. australe is considered rather uncommon (or easily overlooked) and occurs on dead wood, usually on standing trees, in sclerophyll forest and rainforest. In north-western European Russia, Calicium adspersum has been confirmed from Leningrad Region on Picea bark (the first verified regional record, after an earlier unvouchered 1837 report from "St. Petersburg"), and it is otherwise reported from Karelia and widely across Fennoscandia and the Baltic states, where it is associated with southern taiga forests. In North America, it was known from only 11 verified collections in 1999. In North America, confirmed records are associated with cool, humid forests under maritime influence, where the lichen grows on the aged bark of old conifers, usually on rain-sheltered parts of the lower trunk such as bark crevices, the dry side of leaning trunks, or the undersides of limbs.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
kayu
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Under the microscope, the apothecial stalk is surrounded by a thin, colourless sheath that turns faintly blue in iodine (I+). Microscopically, the asci are club- to cylinder-shaped. The ascospores measure about 13–16 × 5.5–6.5 μm and have spiral (helically arranged) ridges on their surface. In standard spot tests, the thallus reacts K+ (yellow turning red) and Pd+ (yellow-red), consistent with the presence of norstictic acid, while the yellow pruina contains vulpinic acid. The species also produces asexual spores (conidia) in pycnidia. Vobis reported the conidia as colourless, single-celled and thin-walled, about 2.0–2.2 × 1.2 μm. In laboratory culture on bark-extract agar, the conidia swelled within about a week and later formed germ tubes.

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Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Calicium adspersum var. roscidum; Calicium clavellare var. roscidum; Calicium claviculare var. roscidum; Calicium hyperellum f. roscidum; Calicium hyperellum var. roscidum; Calicium lygodes var. roscidum; Calicium mutabile var. roscidum; Calicium roscidum; Phacotrum hyperellum var. roscidum
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Calicium adspersum dari Wikimedia Commons. The pin lichen Calicium adspersum ; photographed in Italy Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Domenico Puntillo
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Calicium adspersum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1343527451
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Calicium adspersumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID PJRZ; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Calicium adspersumBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Domenico Puntillo

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Calicium adspersum — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Calicium adspersum is a species of pin lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It forms grey, granular crusts on bark and dead wood, producing black, pin-like fruiting bodies about 0.6–1 mm tall with a yellowish, powdery coating on the head. It was described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1798 from material on oak wood, and later authors applied a series of alternative names and rank placements to the same taxon in the early 19th century. The species has an antitropical distribution, occurring in temperate regions of both hemispheres, but is generally uncommon and is especially scarce in North America, where few verified collections are known.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The thallus (the main body of the lichen) of Calicium adspersum is grey and granular in texture. It produces black, pin-like apothecia (fruiting bodies) about 0.6–1 mm tall, typically standing three to five times higher than the width of their stalk. The apothecial head is broadly lens-shaped (about 0.3–0.6 mm across), with a yellowish (a powdery surface coating) on the head and along the margin of the (the rim of the fruiting body). The stalk is slender, about 0.1–0.3 mm in diameter. The lichenized fungus associates with a green-algal in the genus Trebouxia. Under the microscope, the apothecial stalk is surrounded by a thin, colourless sheath that turns faintly blue in iodine (I+). Microscopically, the asci are club- to cylinder-shaped. The ascospores measure about 13–16 × 5.5–6.5 μm and have spiral (helically arranged) ridges on their surface. In standard spot tests, the thallus reacts K+ (yellow turning red) and Pd+ (yellow-red), consistent with the presence of norstictic acid, while the yellow pruina contains vulpinic acid. The species also produces asexual spores (conidia) in pycnidia. Vobis reported the conidia as colourless, single-celled and thin-walled, about 2.0–2.2 × 1.2 μm. In laboratory culture on bark-extract agar, the conidia swelled within about a week and later formed germ tubes. After several weeks to months they developed branched hyphae and small mycelial mats, and colonies derived from groups of conidia were maintained for more than a year. These experiments show that the conidia can germinate and produce mycelium under favourable conditions, and may therefore contribute to dispersal of the fungal partner ().

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Calicium adspersum has an antitropical distribution, and is widespread in temperate areas of both hemispheres. In the United Kingdom, where it is rare, it grows on dry, old oak bark. In Switzerland, it has been recorded on oak in the Swiss Plateau and on conifers at high elevations (upper montane and subalpine zones) in the northern Prealps. In Tasmania, Calicium adspersum subsp. australe is considered rather uncommon (or easily overlooked) and occurs on dead wood, usually on standing trees, in sclerophyll forest and rainforest. In north-western European Russia, Calicium adspersum has been confirmed from Leningrad Region on Picea bark (the first verified regional record, after an earlier unvouchered 1837 report from "St. Petersburg"), and it is otherwise reported from Karelia and widely across Fennoscandia and the Baltic states, where it is associated with southern taiga forests. In North America, it was known from only 11 verified collections in 1999. In North America, confirmed records are associated with cool, humid forests under maritime influence, where the lichen grows on the aged bark of old conifers, usually on rain-sheltered parts of the lower trunk such as bark crevices, the dry side of leaning trunks, or the undersides of limbs.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Under the microscope, the apothecial stalk is surrounded by a thin, colourless sheath that turns faintly blue in iodine (I+). Microscopically, the asci are club- to cylinder-shaped. The ascospores measure about 13–16 × 5.5–6.5 μm and have spiral (helically arranged) ridges on their surface. In standard spot tests, the thallus reacts K+ (yellow turning red) and Pd+ (yellow-red), consistent with the presence of norstictic acid, while the yellow pruina contains vulpinic acid. The species also produces asexual spores (conidia) in pycnidia. Vobis reported the conidia as colourless, single-celled and thin-walled, about 2.0–2.2 × 1.2 μm. In laboratory culture on bark-extract agar, the conidia swelled within about a week and later formed germ tubes.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Calicium adspersum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/calicium-adspersum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.