01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The cap of the fruit body is thin and membranous, measuring 3 to 20 mm in diameter. It has a convex shape slightly depressed in the center, conspicuous furrows in an outline of the gills, and scalloped edges. Young, unexpanded caps are yellowish brown; as the cap expands, the color lightens to whitish or light pinkish-white, often with a darker, sometimes brown center. The variety fusca has brown caps. The white or slightly yellowish flesh is very thin, reaching about 0.25–1.5 mm thick in the central part of the cap, and even thinner at the margin. Gills are attached to a collar, never to the stem, although some specimens have the collar pressed close enough to it that this characteristic may be less obvious. Widely spaced, they have the same whitish to pale yellow color as the flesh, and typically number between 16 and 22. They are initially narrow, but thicken downward to about 1–3 mm at the exposed edge. The stem is 1.2 to 8 cm long and up to 0.15 cm thick, with a smooth, sometimes shiny surface. It is tough, hollow, and either straight or with some curving. The color is blackish-brown up to a lighter, almost translucent apex. The base of the stem may be connected to dark brown or black root-like rhizomorphs 0.1–0.3 mm thick. Mature specimens display no veil. Details of the fruit bodies' appearance, color in particular, are somewhat variable and dependent on growing conditions. For example, specimens growing on logs in oak and hickory forests in the spring tend to have more yellowish-white, depressed caps than those found in the same location in autumn, which are light yellow brown and more convex in shape.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Marasmius rotula grows in deciduous forests and fruits in groups or clusters on dead wood (especially beech), woody debris such as twigs or sticks, and occasionally on rotting leaves. The fruit bodies, which are easily overlooked because of their diminutive size, are often present in abundance after rains. Jamur ini tersebar luas dan umum di habitat favoritnya di Amerika Utara, Eropa, dan Asia utara. Although far kurang umum di daerah selatan, koleksi terpencil telah dilaporkan dari Afrika (Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, dan Tanzania) dan Asia Selatan (India). Di Amerika Utara M. rotula paling umum di bagian timur benua. Marasmius rotula adalah spesies saprobik dan sebagai demikian mendapatkan nutrisi dengan membusuk materi organik mati. Spesies ini relatif tidak toleran terhadap potensi air rendah, dan akan tumbuh buruk atau sama sekali tidak dalam kondisi tekanan air. Ia tidak dapat meredamkan sampah daun sampai menjadi lebih terpecah dan lebih kompak sehingga kapasitas menahan air meningkat di lapisan tanah yang lebih dalam. Magnolia warbler telah dicatat untuk melengkungkan sarangnya dengan batang tubuh buah. Di 1975 American mycologist Martina S. Gilliam investigated periodikitas pelepasan spora di M. rotula dan menyimpulkan bahwa pelepasan spora tidak mengikuti ritme sirkadian yang teratur, seperti yang khas dari jamur agaric dan bolete, tetapi lebih tergantung pada hujan.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
kayu
Peran atau konteks
Pengurai
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Details of the fruit bodies' appearance, color in particular, are somewhat variable and dependent on growing conditions. For example, specimens growing on logs in oak and hickory forests in the spring tend to have more yellowish-white, depressed caps than those found in the same location in autumn, which are light yellow brown and more convex in shape. The fruit body development of M. rotula is hemiangiocarpous, with an hymenium that is only partially enclosed by basidiocarp tissues. Robert Kühner showed that a cortina-like tissue covers the young gills before the expanding cap breaks away from the stem. In unfavorable weather conditions, the mushrooms may fail to develop normally and instead produce semi-gasteroid basidiocarps.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Agaricus rotula; Agaricus rotula var. concolor; Agaricus rotula var. mesophaeus; Androsaceus rotula; Chamaeceras rotula; Hypophyllum rotula; Marasmius rotula var. fuscus; Marasmius rotula var. microcephalus; Marasmius rotula var. phyllophila; Merulius collariatus; Micromphale collariatum; Omphalia rotula
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Marasmius rotula menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Bill Sheehan. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Marasmius rotula pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Marasmius rotula pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Marasmius rotula pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Marasmius rotula pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Marasmius rotula — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1301665802
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Marasmius rotulaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 3XZY4; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Marasmius rotulaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Marasmius rotulaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan
  5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Marasmius rotulaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Marasmius rotula — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Marasmius rotula is a common species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, it is commonly known variously as the pinwheel mushroom, the pinwheel marasmius, the little wheel, the collared parachute, or the horse hair fungus. The type species of the genus Marasmius, M. rotula was first described scientifically in 1772 by mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli and assigned its current name in 1838 by Elias Fries. The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, of M. rotula are characterized by their whitish, thin, and membranous caps up to 2 cm wide that are sunken in the center, and pleated with scalloped margins.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The cap of the fruit body is thin and membranous, measuring 3 to 20 mm in diameter. It has a convex shape slightly depressed in the center, conspicuous furrows in an outline of the gills, and scalloped edges. Young, unexpanded caps are yellowish brown; as the cap expands, the color lightens to whitish or light pinkish-white, often with a darker, sometimes brown center. The variety fusca has brown caps. The white or slightly yellowish flesh is very thin, reaching about 0.25–1.5 mm thick in the central part of the cap, and even thinner at the margin. Gills are attached to a collar, never to the stem, although some specimens have the collar pressed close enough to it that this characteristic may be less obvious. Widely spaced, they have the same whitish to pale yellow color as the flesh, and typically number between 16 and 22. They are initially narrow, but thicken downward to about 1–3 mm at the exposed edge. The stem is 1.2 to 8 cm long and up to 0.15 cm thick, with a smooth, sometimes shiny surface. It is tough, hollow, and either straight or with some curving. The color is blackish-brown up to a lighter, almost translucent apex. The base of the stem may be connected to dark brown or black root-like rhizomorphs 0.1–0.3 mm thick. Mature specimens display no veil. Details of the fruit bodies' appearance, color in particular, are somewhat variable and dependent on growing conditions. For example, specimens growing on logs in oak and hickory forests in the spring tend to have more yellowish-white, depressed caps than those found in the same location in autumn, which are light yellow brown and more convex in shape.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Marasmius rotula grows in deciduous forests and fruits in groups or clusters on dead wood (especially beech), woody debris such as twigs or sticks, and occasionally on rotting leaves. The fruit bodies, which are easily overlooked because of their diminutive size, are often present in abundance after rains. The fungus is widespread and common in its preferred habitats in North America, Europe, and northern Asia. Although far less common in southerly locations, isolated collections have been reported from Africa (Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania) and South Asia (India). In North America M. rotula is most common in the eastern part of the continent. Marasmius rotula is a saprobic species and as such obtains nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter. The species is relatively intolerant of low water potentials, and will grow poorly or not at all under water stress conditions. It is unable to degrade leaf litter until it becomes more fragmented and more compacted so that the water-holding capacity increases in the deeper layers of the soil. The magnolia warbler has been noted to line its nests with the fruit bodies' stems. In 1975 the American mycologist Martina S. Gilliam investigated the periodicity of spore release in M. rotula and concluded that spore discharge did not follow a regular circadian rhythm, as is typical of agaric and bolete mushrooms, but rather was dependent on rain.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Details of the fruit bodies' appearance, color in particular, are somewhat variable and dependent on growing conditions. For example, specimens growing on logs in oak and hickory forests in the spring tend to have more yellowish-white, depressed caps than those found in the same location in autumn, which are light yellow brown and more convex in shape. The fruit body development of M. rotula is hemiangiocarpous, with an hymenium that is only partially enclosed by basidiocarp tissues. Robert Kühner showed that a cortina-like tissue covers the young gills before the expanding cap breaks away from the stem. In unfavorable weather conditions, the mushrooms may fail to develop normally and instead produce semi-gasteroid basidiocarps.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Marasmius rotula. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/marasmius-rotula/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.