Russula carmesina

Ciri dan struktur

Very small basidiomata, pileus surface bright red, lamellae edges partly reddish, stipe narrowing towards the frequently reddish base, pileipellis a hymeniderm, occurring in gallery forests. Growth habit: basidiomata solitary or in small groups of approx. ten. Pileus: very small to small, 3–12 mm in diam., when young, hemispherical, later convex, expanding plane, centrally depressed; margin even, frequently finely radially cracked up to 3 mm, when young with a very fugitive, pale, veil-like overhanging membrane that is not reaching the stipe, when mature, visible as very fine scales, giving a slightly uneven appearance, never forming an annulus; cuticle smooth, matt, finely radially fibrous, somewhat velvety, peelable up to ½ of the pileus radius, partly descending on to the lamellae edges, colour when young, blood red (10C8), later cherry red (10B8), lake red (9C8) or lobster red (9B8), sometimes paler towards the margin: red (9A6) or pastel red (9A5). Lamellae: 1–2 mm wide, 10–11 lamellae present along 1 cm near the pileus margin, ventricose, adnexed, sometimes with a decurrent tooth, white, furcations, anastomoses and lamellulae absent, edges entire, white or frequently red near the pileus margin. Stipe: 5–15 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical or frequently narrowing towards the base; smooth to slightly rugose, annulus absent, white, covered partly also with a pastel red (9A4) hue at the base or the entire stipe; cottony stuffed. Context: only up to 0.5 mm thick at half pileus radius, white, unchanging when bruised, very fragile, taste mild, odour inconspicuous; macrochemical reactions: guaiac after 8–10 seconds negative (-) on both stipe and lamellae surfaces, sulphovanillin negative, FeSO 4, KOH and phenol not tested.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

Habitat dan peran ekologis

In the past, Russula carmesina was placed in subsect. Pseudoepitheliosinae together with several other species with small basidiomata and a hymenidermal pileipellis structure, predominantly distributed in Africa (Buyck 1990b). It is very similar to Russula parasitica (R. Heim) Buyck and Russula pseudocarmesina Buyck; however, these two species are distinctly annulate (Buyck 1994). In addition, R. pseudocarmesina has larger basidiomata with pileus diameters of 2–4 cm (Buyck 1994). Russula pseudoepitheliosa Buyck is a similar species without annulus, but also has larger basidiomata with purplish-violet pileus colours (Buyck 1994). In the original description of R. carmesina, Heim did not mention the presence of pileocystidia, although he was usually mentioning these elements in his other Russula descriptions when he observed them (Heim 1970). As the holotype material was lost for decades, R. carmesina was thought to be lacking pileocystidia and the placement in subsect. Pseudoepitheliosinae was uncertain (Buyck 1990b). Fortunately, we were able to locate the type material. It was in a bad condition, since it was previously stored in ethanol which evaporated a long time ago, leaving a miniscule, blackish remnant of a basidioma encrusted by crystalline matter.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.

Substrat

Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.

Peran atau konteks

Belum dikategorikan pada rilis ini.

Reproduksi

Very small basidiomata, pileus surface bright red, lamellae edges partly reddish, stipe narrowing towards the frequently reddish base, pileipellis a hymeniderm, occurring in gallery forests. Growth habit: basidiomata solitary or in small groups of approx. ten. Pileus: very small to small, 3–12 mm in diam., when young, hemispherical, later convex, expanding plane, centrally depressed; margin even, frequently finely radially cracked up to 3 mm, when young with a very fugitive, pale, veil-like overhanging membrane that is not reaching the stipe, when mature, visible as very fine scales, giving a slightly uneven appearance, never forming an annulus; cuticle smooth, matt, finely radially fibrous, somewhat velvety, peelable up to ½ of the pileus radius, partly descending on to the lamellae edges, colour when young, blood red (10C8), later cherry red (10B8), lake red (9C8) or lobster red (9B8), sometimes paler towards the margin: red (9A6) or pastel red (9A5).

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Preserve original treatment localities, hosts and substrate scope. Materials examined describe documented specimens, not the full global range.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Russula carmesina A–D field pictures of basidiomata: A CM-21-143, B CM-21-108, C CM-22-282, D SYN5103; E, F scanning electron microscopical pictures of basidiospores (both CM-21-143). Scale bars: 1 cm (A, D); 0.5 cm (B, C); 3 µm (E, F).

Jenis

Pelat ilmiah

Kredit

Cathrin Manz, Mario Amalfi, Bart Buyck, Felix Hampe, Nourou S. Yorou, Slavomír Adamčík, Meike Piepenbring

Lisensi

CC BY 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Sumber profil

1. [1] Just the tip of the iceberg: uncovering a hyperdiverse clade of African Russula (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae) species with signs of evolutionary habitat adaptations — Russula carmesinaBagian sumber: PMC11882026_section_26
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Manz, Cathrin & Amalfi, Mario & Buyck, Bart & Hampe, Felix
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Russula carmesinaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4TRQJ; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Russula carmesinaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Cathrin Manz, Mario Amalfi, Bart Buyck, Felix Hampe, Nourou S. Yorou, Slavomír Adamčík, Meike Piepenbring
4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Russula carmesinaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Cathrin Manz, Mario Amalfi, Bart Buyck, Felix Hampe, Nourou S. Yorou, Slavomír Adamčík, Meike Piepenbring
5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Russula carmesinaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Cathrin Manz, Mario Amalfi, Bart Buyck, Felix Hampe, Nourou S. Yorou, Slavomír Adamčík, Meike Piepenbring